Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua used border chaos to infiltrate U.S.

Tren de Aragua, a criminal gang from Venezuela that is said to be as serious a threat as the Salvadoran gang MS-13, is quietly operating in unsuspected neighborhoods and communities across the country.

The Gazette has confirmed the presence of Tren de Aragua, or TDA, in Colorado, and reported that the gang has given “the green light” for gang members to attack or fire on law enforcement, according to a U.S. Department of Homeland Security memo to the Albuquerque Police Department.

Aurora Mayor Mike Coffman acknowledged on Thursday that a Venezuelan gang that is likely Tren de Aragua has taken control of several apartment complexes in the northern part of the city in what he called “a nightmare situation.”

He also admitted that the city "lost control" of the gang infiltration "and we're working aggressively to get it back."

The transnational corporation-size criminal group took advantage of the ongoing border crisis and has been able to push members into the United States and beef up its presence in cities nationwide where law enforcement and elected officials are gravely concerned about the type of violence they are seeing, particularly after one murder that has been in the spotlight.

Georgia nursing student Laken Riley was murdered in February while on a jog, and police have identified Venezuelan illegal immigrant Jose Ibarra as her suspected killer. Ibarra is a reported member of the gang, and that revelation has put the criminal organization in the spotlight as the case against him and his brother, who is also a suspected gang member, proceeds in court.

U.S. Border Patrol

The gang has been around just over a decade and in that time gone from operating inside prison walls to spreading across Venezuela into South America and, now, penetrating U.S. communities.

U.S. Rep. Tony Gonzales of Texas, whose district runs along nearly half of the southern border, said he has warned about the gang and is seriously concerned about the hold it already has in the U.S. given its record as an “agent of chaos and terror through Central and South America.”

“For months, I have sounded the alarm about Tren de Aragua and the threat this gang poses to Americans,” Gonzales said in a statement to the Washington Examiner. "We know that Tren de Aragua has expanded operations in Mexico, and some gang members have made their way into the United States.”

Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, who represents a state with one of the highest Venezuelan populations in the country, said in an interview that the gang has “wreaked havoc” across Central and South America and now threatens to do the same in the United States.

Tren de Aragua origins

The gang named itself roughly a decade ago but got its start years before, according to the Venezuela chapter of Transparency International, a research group founded by former employees of the World Bank.

“It has its origin in the workers’ unions that worked on the construction of a railway project that would connect the central-west of the country and that was never completed,” the research report stated. “By then, Hector Rutherford Guerrero Flores, alias ‘Niño Guerrero,’ was the [leader] of the Aragua Penitentiary Center, better known as the Tocoron prison. Although the criminal organization emerged outside the prison, the prison quickly became its base of operations.”

More than 11,000 Venezuelan police and military raided the Tocoron prison last year but not before many prisoners escaped. Inside the prison where the gang’s leadership operated, authorities found stockpiles of ammunition and guns.

The leader of Tren de Aragua, Guerrero Flores, escaped from the prison and is still on the loose. The U.S. State and Justice departments are offering up to $5 million for information regarding his whereabouts. He is believed to be in Colombia.

While in prison, Guerrero Flores extended the gang’s reach into North America.

From Venezuela to America

Venezuela has descended into economic, humanitarian and political chaos under President Nicolás Maduro, who has jailed or banned political leaders and used food distribution as a social control tool. Opponents of Madura’s government have been viciously punished.

More than 7 million Venezuelans have fled the country, seeking refuge around the globe. TDA members have taken advantage of that influx to hide within communities of Venezuelan immigrants in the U.S.

While no one knows with certainty what percentage of the more than 42,000 immigrant arrivals to Denver in the past two years from South and Central America are from Venezuela, officials believe they account for the majority.

Since January 2021, nearly 700,000 immigrants from Venezuela have been encountered at the southern border.

U.S. Border Patrol Chief Jason Owens has confirmed the gang’s many attempts to enter the U.S. and attempted to sound the alarm through posts on social media that began late last year.

“Keep your eye on this gang. Their criminal activities represent a serious threat to our communities!” Owens wrote in a statement to X.

Customs and Border Protection

The problem for Border Patrol agents is that they can only screen illegal immigrants in custody against available information. Venezuela is not friendly with the U.S. government and does not share in-country crime data, making it difficult for agents to know if an individual in custody is a convicted criminal back home.

Tren de Aragua members conceal themselves among the general population of Venezuelan immigrants seeking asylum or work in the U.S.

Without adequate bed space to detain immigrants long-term and Venezuela’s refusal to accept repatriated citizens from the U.S., the U.S. government has been forced to release most of them into the country.

Crime in U.S. cities

Federal law enforcement has launched more than 100 investigations into crimes in which Tren de Aragua members are involved, according to an NBC report.

The types of crimes go beyond drug dealing and extortion, which are common money-making tactics for gangs. Tren de Aragua is reportedly involved in wide-scale sex trafficking schemes across the country and shootings of police officers.

Last month, two New York police officers were shot by suspected Tren de Aragua gang members who were taken into custody. Bernardo Raul Castro-Mata, 19, was arrested for the shootings and had tattoos affiliated with the gang, including a five-pointed crown, five-pointed stars, and teardrops, according to the New York City Police Department.

The gang is also believed to have a deep network of sex trafficking and extorts female immigrants who owe its members tens of thousands of dollars for smuggling them into the U.S.

“Stash houses,” where people are held by the gang without the freedom to leave, were busted in Louisiana, Texas, New Jersey and Florida, according to a criminal complaint shared with CNN.

The traffickers threatened the women being held against their will and said they would kill their family members in Venezuela if they did not cooperate and recoup the debt for being smuggled into the U.S. by performing sex acts.

In January, Yurwin Salazar-Maita, 23, was arrested on suspicion of luring, abducting, and murdering a retired Venezuelan police officer in Florida.

Tracking the gang

The FBI is tracking the gang, according to Director Christopher Wray.

“We have ongoing engagement with intelligence community partners, state [and] local law enforcement in some cases, foreign partners in looking at whether it’s their drug trafficking, extortion, kidnapping for ransom, you know, different kinds of violent crime, different kinds of trafficking and smuggling, even things like organized retail theft,” Wray told lawmakers in a congressional hearing in April.

Gonzales pushed Wray to dive deeper into Tren de Aragua.

Rubio, Gonzales and U.S. Rep. Maria Elvira Salazar of Florida have pushed the White House to declare the gang a transnational criminal organization immediately.

“Heinous crimes committed by the Tren de Aragua, like the rapes of multiple children and the murders of retired police officer José Luis Sánchez Valera and nursing student Laken Riley, must stop,” the lawmakers, along with 23 other members, wrote in a letter earlier this year.

U.S. border officials screen immigrants, and those determined to be a threat for national security or public safety reasons are denied admission, detained, removed, or referred to other federal agencies, according to the Department of Homeland Security.

Not designating Tren de Aragua as a transnational criminal organization would allow the group to expand within the U.S., they warned.

“By doing so, we can deploy more resources to combat Tren de Aragua and mobilize awareness around the gang’s activity. The time to act is now, and the window is closing before it’s too late,” Gonzales told the Examiner.

Gazette reporter Nico Brambila contributed to this report.